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Characteristics of Indoor PM 2.5 Concentration in Gers Using Coal Stoves in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Author

Listed:
  • Miyoung Lim

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Sainnyambuu Myagmarchuluun

    (Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia)

  • Hyunkyung Ban

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Yunhyung Hwang

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Chimedsuren Ochir

    (Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia)

  • Delgerzul Lodoisamba

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Kiyoung Lee

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
    Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

Abstract

Coal combustion in ger areas is the main source of ambient air pollution in Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia). This study determined the characteristics of indoor PM 2.5 concentrations in gers using coal stoves during winter. The study population consisted of 60 gers in the Chingeltei district of Ulaanbaatar. The indoor particle number concentration (PNC) in each ger was measured using a Dylos DC1700 particle counter for 24 h in January and February 2016. The PNC by Dylos was converted into the mass concentration using a calibration equation developed using a collocated real-time light scattering monitor adjusted by gravimetric measurement. The average 24 h PM 2.5 concentration was 203.9 ± 195.1 μg/m 3 in gers with traditional stoves ( n = 29) and 257.5 ± 204.4 μg/m 3 in those with improved stoves ( n = 31). In the daily profile, concentrations were lower at night, increased in the early morning, and peaked up to noon. The temperature in gers was slightly higher than that recommended in winter. Many development-assistance programs have supported the installation of improved energy-efficient stoves. Better control measures are needed to improve the indoor air quality of gers.

Suggested Citation

  • Miyoung Lim & Sainnyambuu Myagmarchuluun & Hyunkyung Ban & Yunhyung Hwang & Chimedsuren Ochir & Delgerzul Lodoisamba & Kiyoung Lee, 2018. "Characteristics of Indoor PM 2.5 Concentration in Gers Using Coal Stoves in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:11:p:2524-:d:182097
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sabrina Rovelli & Andrea Cattaneo & Camilla P. Nuzzi & Andrea Spinazzè & Silvia Piazza & Paolo Carrer & Domenico M. Cavallo, 2014. "Airborne Particulate Matter in School Classrooms of Northern Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Undarmaa Enkhbat & Ana M. Rule & Carol Resnick & Chimedsuren Ochir & Purevdorj Olkhanud & D’Ann L. Williams, 2016. "Exposure to PM 2.5 and Blood Lead Level in Two Populations in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-11, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yucheng He & Sanika Ravindra Nishandar & Rufus David Edwards & Marko Princevac, 2023. "Air Quality Modeling of Cooking Stove Emissions and Exposure Assessment in Rural Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-14, March.

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