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The Effects of the Refugee Crisis on Age Estimation Analysis over the Past 10 Years: A 16-Country Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Leanne Sykes

    (Departments of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Ahmed Bhayat

    (Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa)

  • Herman Bernitz

    (Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa)

Abstract

Dental age estimation (AE) tests are routinely done on living and deceased persons. There is anecdotal evidence suggesting an increase in age estimations due to the refugee crisis. Our aim is to determine the reasons and methods for performing dental AE tests in both living and deceased individuals. Global trends in AE over the past 10 years were also investigated. A database of all forensic laboratories was obtained and an electronic questionnaire was sent to all of them. The questionnaire was self-developed and included questions on the reasons for performing AE tests, the preferred methods used in living and deceased individuals, and the people/organizations who requested these AE tests. The number of tests performed annually varied between 0 and 500 and the majority were on asylum seekers, refugees, and for adoption cases. Most units used multiple techniques to determine the age among the living, but seldom used more than three techniques for the deceased. The majority of tests were requested by coroners and the legal fraternity. There has been an increase in the number of dental AEs carried out and this has been mostly due to asylum seekers and refugees. The most common techniques for the living were variations of Demirjian’s technique while country specific techniques were used for the deceased.

Suggested Citation

  • Leanne Sykes & Ahmed Bhayat & Herman Bernitz, 2017. "The Effects of the Refugee Crisis on Age Estimation Analysis over the Past 10 Years: A 16-Country Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-8, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:6:p:630-:d:101382
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jimmy T. Efird & Pollie Bith-Melander, 2018. "Refugee Health: An Ongoing Commitment and Challenge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-3, January.
    2. Mario Caggiano & Giuseppe Scelza & Alessandra Amato & Raffaele Orefice & Simona Belli & Stefano Pagano & Chiara Valenti & Stefano Martina, 2022. "Estimating the 18-Year Threshold with Third Molars Radiographs in the Southern Italy Population: Accuracy and Reproducibility of Demirjian Method," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-7, August.

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