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Impact of Dental Fluorosis, Socioeconomic Status and Self-Perception in Adolescents Exposed to a High Level of Fluoride in Water

Author

Listed:
  • Nelly Molina-Frechero

    (Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04900 Ciudad de México, Mexico)

  • Martina Nevarez-Rascón

    (Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, (UACH), Campus I Av. Universidad s/n, 31000 Chihuahua, Mexico)

  • Alfredo Nevarez-Rascón

    (Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, (UACH), Campus I Av. Universidad s/n, 31000 Chihuahua, Mexico)

  • Rogelio González-González

    (Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Predio Canoas s/n, 34000 Durango, Mexico)

  • María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho

    (Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04900 Ciudad de México, Mexico)

  • Leonor Sánchez-Pérez

    (Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04900 Ciudad de México, Mexico)

  • Sandra López-Verdin

    (Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Sierra mojada 950, 44340 Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico)

  • Ronell Bologna-Molina

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, 52786 Estado de Mexico, Mexico)

Abstract

Objective : To identify adolescents’ self-perception of dental fluorosis from two areas with different socioeconomic levels. Methods : A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 15-year-old youths by applying a questionnaire designed and validated to assess self-perceptions of dental fluorosis in two areas with different socioeconomic statuses (SESs). Fluorosis was clinically evaluated by applying the Thylstrup and Fejerkov (TF) index on the upper front teeth. Results : A total of 308 adolescents were included in the study. The medium-SES population, which was exposed to 2.5 ppm of fluoride in water, and the low-SES population, which was exposed to 5.1 ppm, presented the following levels of dental fluorosis: TF 2–3 (50%), TF 4–5 (45.6%) and TF 6–7 (4.4%) for medium SES and TF 2–3 (12.3%), TF 4–5 (67.1%) and TF 67 (20.6%) for low SES. A significant association was found between self-perception and dental fluorosis in those with medium and low SESs ( p < 0.05). The multiple regression model found differences between TF levels and self-perception, with a 6–7 TF level for concerns about color (OR = 1.6), smile (OR = 1.2) and appearance (OR = 3.36). Conclusions : Self-perceptions of dental fluorosis affect adolescents such that adolescents with a medium SES have more negative perceptions than those with a low SES. Such perceptions increase as the TF index increases.

Suggested Citation

  • Nelly Molina-Frechero & Martina Nevarez-Rascón & Alfredo Nevarez-Rascón & Rogelio González-González & María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho & Leonor Sánchez-Pérez & Sandra López-Verdin & Ronell Bologna-Molina, 2017. "Impact of Dental Fluorosis, Socioeconomic Status and Self-Perception in Adolescents Exposed to a High Level of Fluoride in Water," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:1:p:73-:d:87657
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    Cited by:

    1. Nelly Molina-Frechero & Martina Nevarez-Rascón & Omar Tremillo-Maldonado & Marcela Vergara-Onofre & Rey Gutiérrez-Tolentino & Enrique Gaona & Enrique Castañeda & Lizet Jarquin-Yañez & Ronell Bologna-M, 2020. "Environmental Exposure of Arsenic in Groundwater Associated to Carcinogenic Risk in Underweight Children Exposed to Fluorides," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-10, January.

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