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Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure at Home and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Three-to-Five-Year-Old Children

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  • Eunkye Kang

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon 35223, Korea)

  • Soo Young Kim

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon 35223, Korea)

  • Seong Sil Chang

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon 35223, Korea)

  • Sinye Lim

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea)

  • Hwan-Cheol Kim

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Korea)

  • Chul-Gab Lee

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61453, Korea)

  • Yu-Mi Kim

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine , Dong-A University, Busan 50612, Korea)

  • Su Young Kim

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, Cheju Halla University, Jeju 63585, Korea)

  • Kee-Jae Lee

    (Department of Information and Statistics, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, Korea)

  • Suejin Kim

    (Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea)

  • Mina Ha

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea)

Abstract

Exposure to harmful environmental factors is particularly detrimental to younger children. We investigated the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in pre-schoolers at home and the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a predictive factor for cardiovascular disease. This study was conducted in 2014 and was based on the data of preschool children from the Korean Environmental Health Survey in Children and Adolescents (2012 to 2014), a nationally representative sample. Of 577 children, aged three to five years, 482 were eventually selected for the analysis after excluding those with missing variables, or whose hs-CRP level exceeded the reference value. The proportion of pre-school children exposed to ETS at home was 14.8%. The odd ratios (OR)s of hs-CRP > 1mg/L were 4.90 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.04–23.17) and 11.66 (95% CI = 1.90–71.65) in the groups exposed to ETS 3–4 times and ≥5 times daily, respectively, compared to the non-exposed group. The risk of elevated levels of hs-CRP showed an increasing trend proportionally to the increase in ETS exposure frequency ( p for trend = 0.03). Anti-smoking educational programs for parents and guardians may be helpful to reduce ETS exposure at home.

Suggested Citation

  • Eunkye Kang & Soo Young Kim & Seong Sil Chang & Sinye Lim & Hwan-Cheol Kim & Chul-Gab Lee & Yu-Mi Kim & Su Young Kim & Kee-Jae Lee & Suejin Kim & Mina Ha, 2017. "Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure at Home and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Three-to-Five-Year-Old Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-11, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:10:p:1105-:d:112946
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    Cited by:

    1. Markus Braun & Doris Klingelhöfer & Gerhard M. Oremek & David Quarcoo & David A. Groneberg, 2020. "Influence of Second-Hand Smoke and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Biomarkers, Genetics and Physiological Processes in Children—An Overview in Research Insights of the Last Few Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-25, May.

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