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Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Maternal Serum, Breast Milk, Umbilical Cord Serum, and House Dust in a South Korean Birth Panel of Mother-Neonate Pairs

Author

Listed:
  • Mi-Yeon Shin

    (Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea)

  • Sunggyu Lee

    (Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Korea)

  • Hai-Joong Kim

    (College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136701, Korea)

  • Jeong Jae Lee

    (College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 140-743, Korea)

  • Gyuyeon Choi

    (College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 140-743, Korea)

  • Sooran Choi

    (College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea)

  • Sungjoo Kim

    (College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 431-796, Korea)

  • Su Young Kim

    (College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea)

  • Jeongim Park

    (College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, Korea)

  • Hyo-Bang Moon

    (Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Korea)

  • Kyungho Choi

    (Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea)

  • Sungkyoon Kim

    (Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
    Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea)

Abstract

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame retardants. Although many reports have indicated an association between exposure to PBDEs and developmental neurotoxicity, the relative contributions of different sources of dust PBDE congeners to the levels in various tissues of mother–baby pairs is not well understood. The aims of this study were thus to measure the quantitative relationship between the level of PBDEs in house dust and tissues of mother-neonate pairs, and to investigate the chemical sources of the PBDEs. Forty-one mother-neonate pairs were recruited and provided samples of maternal serum ( n = 29), umbilical cord serum ( n = 25), breast milk ( n = 50), and house dust ( n = 41), where PBDEs were determined with high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. While deca- (e.g., BDE 209, detected 100%), nona- (BDE 206/207, 95.1%), octa- (BDE 183, 100%), penta- (BDE 99/153, 100%, 98%) and tetra-BDEs (BDE 47, 100%) were detected abundantly in dust, penta- (BDE 99, 76%, 92%) and tetra-BDEs (BDE 47, 84%, 98%) were detected abundantly in umbilical cord serum and breast milk, respectively; tetra-BDEs (BDE 47, 86%) were detected more often relative to other congeners in maternal serum. Spearman’s pairwise comparison showed that the levels of BDE 47 (ρ = 0.52, p < 0.001) and −99 (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.01) in umbilical cord serum were associated with BDE 209 levels in dust; BDE 47 in maternal serum also showed correlation with BDE 99 in cord serum (ρ = 0.48, p < 0.01) but there was no significant correlation between maternal BDE 47 and dust BDE 209. On the other hand, a comparison of the distribution among congeners suggested probable associations of BDE 47 in maternal serum, breast milk, and umbilical cord serum with BDE 209 in dust; and of BDE 99 in maternal and umbilical cord serum, breast milk, and dust with BDE 209 in dust. Although further studies are needed, a radar chart-based distributional comparison among congeners supported associations between BDE 47 or −99 in human tissues and BDE 209 in dust.

Suggested Citation

  • Mi-Yeon Shin & Sunggyu Lee & Hai-Joong Kim & Jeong Jae Lee & Gyuyeon Choi & Sooran Choi & Sungjoo Kim & Su Young Kim & Jeongim Park & Hyo-Bang Moon & Kyungho Choi & Sungkyoon Kim, 2016. "Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Maternal Serum, Breast Milk, Umbilical Cord Serum, and House Dust in a South Korean Birth Panel of Mother-Neonate Pairs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:8:p:767-:d:74929
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ladan Rokni & Mehdi Rezaei & Mahdi Rafieizonooz & Elnaz Khankhajeh & Ali Akbar Mohammadi & Shahabaldin Rezania, 2023. "Effect of Persistent Organic Pollutants on Human Health in South Korea: A Review of the Reported Diseases," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Xuemin Zhao & Shiqiao Peng & Yang Xiang & Yali Yang & Jing Li & Zhongyan Shan & Weiping Teng, 2017. "Correlation between Prenatal Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Infant Birth Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis and an Experimental Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Alesia Ferguson & Rosalind Penney & Helena Solo-Gabriele, 2017. "A Review of the Field on Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: A Risk Assessment Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-25, March.
    4. Alesia Ferguson & Helena Solo-Gabriele, 2016. "Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: An Editorial Reflection of Articles in the IJERPH Special Issue Entitled, “Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants”," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-10, November.

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