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A Toxicological Framework for the Prioritization of Children’s Safe Product Act Data

Author

Listed:
  • Marissa N. Smith

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communications, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA)

  • Joshua Grice

    (Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA 98504, USA)

  • Alison Cullen

    (Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

  • Elaine M. Faustman

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communications, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA)

Abstract

In response to concerns over hazardous chemicals in children’s products, Washington State passed the Children’s Safe Product Act (CSPA). CSPA requires manufacturers to report the concentration of 66 chemicals in children’s products. We describe a framework for the toxicological prioritization of the ten chemical groups most frequently reported under CSPA. The framework scores lifestage, exposure duration, primary, secondary and tertiary exposure routes, toxicokinetics and chemical properties to calculate an exposure score. Four toxicological endpoints were assessed based on curated national and international databases: reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. A total priority index was calculated from the product of the toxicity and exposure scores. The three highest priority chemicals were formaldehyde, dibutyl phthalate and styrene. Elements of the framework were compared to existing prioritization tools, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) ExpoCast and Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi). The CSPA framework allowed us to examine toxicity and exposure pathways in a lifestage-specific manner, providing a relatively high throughput approach to prioritizing hazardous chemicals found in children’s products.

Suggested Citation

  • Marissa N. Smith & Joshua Grice & Alison Cullen & Elaine M. Faustman, 2016. "A Toxicological Framework for the Prioritization of Children’s Safe Product Act Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-24, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:4:p:431-:d:68496
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Breana Bennett & Tomomi Workman & Marissa N. Smith & William C. Griffith & Beti Thompson & Elaine M. Faustman, 2020. "Characterizing the Neurodevelopmental Pesticide Exposome in a Children’s Agricultural Cohort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Maryam Zare Jeddi & Mohamad Eshaghi Gorji & Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens & Jochem Louisse & Yuri Bruinen de Bruin & Roman Liska, 2018. "Biomonitoring and Subsequent Risk Assessment of Combined Exposure to Phthalates in Iranian Children and Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-22, October.
    3. Alesia Ferguson & Rosalind Penney & Helena Solo-Gabriele, 2017. "A Review of the Field on Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: A Risk Assessment Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-25, March.
    4. Alesia Ferguson & Helena Solo-Gabriele, 2016. "Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: An Editorial Reflection of Articles in the IJERPH Special Issue Entitled, “Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants”," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-10, November.

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