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A Concurrent Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride from Drinking Water in Chihuahua, Mexico

Author

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  • Carmen González-Horta

    (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico)

  • Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias

    (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico)

  • Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez

    (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico)

  • María C. Ishida

    (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico)

  • Angel Barrera-Hernández

    (Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico D. F. 07360, Mexico)

  • Daniela Gutiérrez-Torres

    (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico)

  • Olga L. Zacarias

    (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico)

  • R. Jesse Saunders

    (Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA)

  • Zuzana Drobná

    (Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA)

  • Michelle A. Mendez

    (Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA)

  • Gonzalo García-Vargas

    (Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Gómez Palacio, Durango 35050, Mexico)

  • Dana Loomis

    (IARC Monographs Section, IARC/WHO, Lyon Cedex 69372, France)

  • Miroslav Stýblo

    (Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA)

  • Luz M. Del Razo

    (Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico D. F. 07360, Mexico)

Abstract

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) and fluoride (F − ) are naturally occurring drinking water contaminants. However, co-exposure to these contaminants and its effects on human health are understudied. The goal of this study was examined exposures to iAs and F − in Chihuahua, Mexico, where exposure to iAs in drinking water has been associated with adverse health effects. All 1119 eligible Chihuahua residents (>18 years) provided a sample of drinking water and spot urine samples. iAs and F − concentrations in water samples ranged from 0.1 to 419.8 µg As/L and from 0.05 to 11.8 mg F − /L. Urinary arsenic (U-tAs) and urinary F − (U-F − ) levels ranged from 0.5 to 467.9 ng As/mL and from 0.1 to 14.4 µg F − /mL. A strong positive correlation was found between iAs and F − concentrations in drinking water ( r s = 0.741). Similarly, U-tAs levels correlated positively with U-F − concentrations ( r s = 0.633). These results show that Chihuahua residents exposed to high iAs concentrations in drinking water are also exposed to high levels of F − , raising questions about possible contribution of F − exposure to the adverse effects that have so far been attributed only to iAs exposure. Thus, investigation of possible interactions between iAs and F − exposures and its related health risks deserves immediate attention.

Suggested Citation

  • Carmen González-Horta & Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias & Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez & María C. Ishida & Angel Barrera-Hernández & Daniela Gutiérrez-Torres & Olga L. Zacarias & R. Jesse Saunders & Zuzana Dro, 2015. "A Concurrent Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride from Drinking Water in Chihuahua, Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:5:p:4587-4601:d:48719
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oranso Mahlangu & Bhekie Mamba & Maggie Momba, 2012. "Efficiency of Silver Impregnated Porous Pot (SIPP) Filters for Production of Clean Potable Water," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-16, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nelly Molina-Frechero & Martina Nevarez-Rascón & Omar Tremillo-Maldonado & Marcela Vergara-Onofre & Rey Gutiérrez-Tolentino & Enrique Gaona & Enrique Castañeda & Lizet Jarquin-Yañez & Ronell Bologna-M, 2020. "Environmental Exposure of Arsenic in Groundwater Associated to Carcinogenic Risk in Underweight Children Exposed to Fluorides," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-10, January.

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