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Evaluation of Mobility, Bioavailability and Toxicity of Pb and Cd in Contaminated Soil Using TCLP, BCR and Earthworms

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Luiza F. M. Kede

    (Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Science, Rio de Janeiro State University—UERJ, Rua Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil)

  • Fabio V. Correia

    (Department of Natural Science, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil)

  • Paulo F. Conceição

    (Department of Natural Science, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil)

  • Sidney F. Salles Junior

    (Department of Natural Science, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil)

  • Marcia Marques

    (Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University—UERJ, Rua Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil)

  • Josino C. Moreira

    (National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation—FIOCRUZ, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil)

  • Daniel V. Pérez

    (Nacional Centre of Soil Research EMBRAPA-Solos, Rua Jardim Botânico, 1024, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-000, Brazil)

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the reduction of mobility, availability and toxicity found in soil contaminated with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from Santo Amaro Municipality, Bahia, Brazil using two combined methods, commonly tested separately according to the literature: metal mobilization with phosphates and phytoextraction. The strategy applied was the treatment with two sources of phosphates (separately and mixed) followed by phytoremediation with vetiver grass ( Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)). The treatments applied (in triplicates) were: T1—potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ); T2—reactive natural phosphate fertilizer (NRP) and; T3—a mixture 1:1 of KH 2 PO 4 and NRP. After this step, untreated and treated soils were planted with vetiver grass. The extraction procedures and assays applied to contaminated soil before and after the treatments included metal mobility test (TCLP); sequential extraction with BCR method; toxicity assays with Eisenia andrei . The soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) for Pb and Cd were estimated in all cases. All treatments with phosphates followed by phytoremediation reduced the mobility and availability of Pb and Cd, being KH 2 PO 4 (T1) plus phytoremediation the most effective one. Soil toxicity however, remained high after all treatments.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Luiza F. M. Kede & Fabio V. Correia & Paulo F. Conceição & Sidney F. Salles Junior & Marcia Marques & Josino C. Moreira & Daniel V. Pérez, 2014. "Evaluation of Mobility, Bioavailability and Toxicity of Pb and Cd in Contaminated Soil Using TCLP, BCR and Earthworms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:11:p:11528-11540:d:42088
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chang Lei & Hao Huang & Haoxin Ye & Zhiping Fu & Peipei Peng & Shaoqing Zhang & Laishou Long, 2022. "Immobilization of Pb and Zn in Contaminated Soil Using Alumina–Silica Nano-Amendments Synthesized from Coal Fly Ash," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Laura Ferrans & Alexander Nilsson & Frank Schmieder & Divya Pal & Mahboubeh Rahmati-Abkenar & Marcia Marques & William Hogland, 2022. "Life Cycle Assessment of Management Scenarios for Dredged Sediments: Environmental Impacts Caused during Landfilling and Soil Conditioning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Xuexia Huang & Dinggui Luo & Xiangxin Chen & Lezhang Wei & Yu Liu & Qihang Wu & Tangfu Xiao & Xiaotao Mai & Guowei Liu & Lirong Liu, 2019. "Insights into Heavy Metals Leakage in Chelator-Induced Phytoextraction of Pb- and Tl-Contaminated Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.

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