Requirements for a Quantum-Aware Ontological Cybersecurity Evaluation Model for Cyber-Physical Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

The convergence of cyber-physical systems (CPS) with operational technology (OT) and critical infrastructure (CI) in an emerging quantum computing landscape exposes industrial operators to a twofold gap: the absence of semantic evaluation mechanisms to assess the alignment of a cybersecurity reference model with current regulatory frameworks, and the lack of instruments that systematically incorporate the post-quantum transition as a core evaluation dimension. This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) examining studies published between 2020 and 2026 on standards, practices, and ontological evaluation models for the cybersecurity of CPS and CI in the quantum era. The protocol combined PRISMA 2020, Kitchenham & Brereton, and the GQM framework with a standardized quality instrument. A total of 116 primary studies from seven sources were analyzed. Within the reviewed corpus, no study was found that simultaneously addressed the ontological and quantum dimensions ( n = 0), indicating a structural gap between these two research lines. From the corpus, seven key requirements were derived to guide the future development of the Quantum Ontological Cybersecurity Evaluation Model (QOCEM), intended to support the semantic evaluation of industrial reference models ahead of the post-quantum transition.