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Multi-Protocol IoT Gateway Architecture: A Unified Approach to Smart-Home Connectivity

Author

Listed:
  • Vasilios A. Orfanos

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive Grove Campus, Thivon 250 & P. Ralli, 12244 Aigaleo, Greece)

  • Stavros D. Kaminaris

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive Grove Campus, Thivon 250 & P. Ralli, 12244 Aigaleo, Greece)

  • Panagiotis Papageorgas

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive Grove Campus, Thivon 250 & P. Ralli, 12244 Aigaleo, Greece)

  • Dimitrios Piromalis

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive Grove Campus, Thivon 250 & P. Ralli, 12244 Aigaleo, Greece)

  • Dionisis Kandris

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Ancient Olive Grove Campus, Thivon 250 & P. Ralli, 12244 Aigaleo, Greece)

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has a decentralized smart home ecosystem, as each protocol has its own gateway infrastructure needs. This study advances gateway convergence by proposing and rigorously evaluating a scalable architectural framework for future smart-home infrastructure. Specifically, this paper provides a detailed analysis of a proposed integrated multi-protocol gateway design that supports 18 of the most widely used IoT communication protocols simultaneously. It is a one-device implementation combining wireless technologies, including short-range radios (Sub-1 GHz, 2.4 GHz), LPWANs (Long Power Wide Area Networks), cellular (LTE, Long-Term Evolution), and wired (Ethernet, KNX). Using the ns-3 network simulator, this paper shows that this architecture is practical in a simulated smart-home environment with a large number of interconnected devices distributed across various zones. The results demonstrate substantial reductions in energy consumption and operational complexity, without compromising quality of service across heterogeneous communication technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Vasilios A. Orfanos & Stavros D. Kaminaris & Panagiotis Papageorgas & Dimitrios Piromalis & Dionisis Kandris, 2026. "Multi-Protocol IoT Gateway Architecture: A Unified Approach to Smart-Home Connectivity," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-32, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:18:y:2026:i:5:p:255-:d:1939970
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