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Federated Intrusion Detection via Unidirectional Serialization and Multi-Scale 1D Convolutions with Attention Reweighting

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Listed:
  • Wenqing Li

    (Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China)

  • Di Gao

    (Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China)

  • Tianrong Zhang

    (College of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China)

Abstract

Deployed in distributed organizations and edge networks, contemporary intrusion detection increasingly requires high-performing models without centralizing sensitive traffic logs. This study presents a lightweight federated intrusion detection framework that integrates (i) unidirectional serialization to convert tabular flow records into short sequences, (ii) multi-scale one-dimensional convolutions to capture heterogeneous temporal–statistical patterns at different receptive fields, and (iii) an attention-based reweighting module that emphasizes informative feature channels prior to classification. A sample-size-weighted FedAvg aggregation protocol is used to train a global detector without transferring raw data. Experiments on three widely used benchmarks (UNSW-NB15, KDD Cup 99, and NSL-KDD) under multiple client configurations report consistently high detection effectiveness, with peak accuracies of 99.38% (UNSW-NB15), 99.86% (KDD Cup 99), and 99.02% (NSL-KDD), alongside strong precision, recall, and F1 scores. In addition, the proposed framework is quantitatively benchmarked on UNSW-NB15 against two recent federated intrusion detection baselines, FedMSP-SPEC and a multi-view federated CAE-NSVM model, demonstrating improvements of more than 10 percentage points in macro F1-score while retaining a compact architecture. The manuscript further specifies a concrete threat model, clarifies the client data partitioning strategy and Non-IID quantification, and provides a reproducibility protocol (hyperparameters, random seeds, and evaluation procedures) to facilitate independent verification.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenqing Li & Di Gao & Tianrong Zhang, 2026. "Federated Intrusion Detection via Unidirectional Serialization and Multi-Scale 1D Convolutions with Attention Reweighting," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-19, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:18:y:2026:i:3:p:117-:d:1872189
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