IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jftint/v17y2025i9p425-d1753388.html

Design and Evaluation of a Research-Oriented Open-Source Platform for Smart Grid Metering: A Comprehensive Review and Experimental Intercomparison of Smart Meter Technologies

Author

Listed:
  • Nikolaos S. Korakianitis

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece)

  • Panagiotis Papageorgas

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece)

  • Georgios A. Vokas

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece)

  • Dimitrios D. Piromalis

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece)

  • Stavros D. Kaminaris

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece)

  • George Ch. Ioannidis

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece)

  • Ander Ochoa de Zuazola

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

Smart meters (SMs) are essential components of modern smart grids, enabling real-time and accurate monitoring of electricity consumption. However, their evaluation is often hindered by proprietary communication protocols and the high cost of commercial testing tools. This study presents a low-cost, open-source experimental platform for smart meter validation, using a microcontroller and light sensor to detect optical pulses emitted by standard SMs. This non-intrusive approach circumvents proprietary restrictions while enabling transparent and reproducible comparisons. A case study was conducted comparing the static meter GAMA 300 model, manufactured by Elgama-Elektronika Ltd. (Vilnius, Lithuania), which is a closed-source commercial meter, with theTexas Instruments EVM430-F67641 evaluation module, manufactured by Texas Instruments Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA), which serves as an open-source reference design. Statistical analyses—based on confidence intervals and ANOVA—revealed a mean deviation of less than 1.5% between the devices, confirming the platform’s reliability. The system supports indirect power monitoring without hardware modification or access to internal data, making it suitable for both educational and applied contexts. Compared to existing tools, it offers enhanced accessibility, modularity, and open-source compatibility. Its scalable design supports IoT and environmental sensor integration, aligning with Internet of Energy (IoE) principles. The platform facilitates transparent, reproducible, and cost-effective smart meter evaluations, supporting the advancement of intelligent energy systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikolaos S. Korakianitis & Panagiotis Papageorgas & Georgios A. Vokas & Dimitrios D. Piromalis & Stavros D. Kaminaris & George Ch. Ioannidis & Ander Ochoa de Zuazola, 2025. "Design and Evaluation of a Research-Oriented Open-Source Platform for Smart Grid Metering: A Comprehensive Review and Experimental Intercomparison of Smart Meter Technologies," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-32, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:17:y:2025:i:9:p:425-:d:1753388
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/9/425/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/17/9/425/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mitra, Somalee & Chakraborty, Basab & Mitra, Pabitra, 2024. "Smart meter data analytics applications for secure, reliable and robust grid system: Survey and future directions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bayat, Peyman & Bayat, Pezhman, 2025. "State-of-charge estimation in Li-SOCl2 batteries via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a type-2 fuzzy logic framework based on the mean aggregation interval approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    2. Altamimi, Emran & Al-Ali, Abdulaziz & Al-Ali, Abdulla K. & Aly, Hussein & Malluhi, Qutaibah M., 2025. "How effective are synthetic attack models to detect real-world energy theft?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    3. Rasoulnia, Mohammad & Yaghoubi, Elnaz & Yaghoubi, Elaheh & Hussain, Akhtar & Kamwa, Innocent, 2026. "A comprehensive systematic and bibliometric review of technologies and measurement tools for power quality events detection, classification, and fault location in smart grids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PB).
    4. Tabassum, Fariya & Azim, M.Imran & Islam, Md.Rashidul & Rahman, M.A. & Ali, Liaqat & Rahman, Md.Mahfuzur & Hossain, M.J., 2025. "Energy data security and pricing model in local energy markets using artificial intelligence," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 401(PB).
    5. Yuan, Meng & Xie, Junwei & Liu, Chi & Xu, Zhezhuang, 2025. "Short-term load forecasting for an industrial building based on diverse load patterns," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    6. Chen, Haoyu & Huang, Hai & Zheng, Yong & Yang, Bing, 2024. "A load forecasting approach for integrated energy systems based on aggregation hybrid modal decomposition and combined model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 375(C).
    7. Catalin Gheorghe & Oana Panazan, 2025. "Quantifying Cybersecurity Impacts on Clean Energy Market Volatility: A Time-Frequency Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-50, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:17:y:2025:i:9:p:425-:d:1753388. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.