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Bi-Scale Mahalanobis Detection for Reactive Jamming in UAV OFDM Links

Author

Listed:
  • Nassim Aich

    (EREEC Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, Morocco)

  • Zakarya Oubrahim

    (EREEC Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, Morocco)

  • Hachem Ait Talount

    (EREEC Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, Morocco)

  • Ahmed Abbou

    (EREEC Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, Morocco)

Abstract

Reactive jamming remains a critical threat to low-latency telemetry of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). In this paper, a Bi-scale Mahalanobis approach is proposed to detect and classify reactive jamming attacks on UAVs; it jointly exploits window-level energy and the Sevcik fractal dimension and employs self-adapting thresholds to detect any drift in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), fading effects, or Radio Frequency (RF) gain. The simulations were conducted on 5000 frames of OFDM signals, which were distorted by Rayleigh fading, a ±10 kHz frequency drift, and log-normal power shadowing. The simulation results achieved a precision of 99.4%, a recall of 100%, an F1 score of 99.7%, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9997, and a mean alarm latency of 80 μs. The method used reinforces jam resilience in low-power commercial UAVs, yet it needs no extra RF hardware and avoids heavy deep learning computation.

Suggested Citation

  • Nassim Aich & Zakarya Oubrahim & Hachem Ait Talount & Ahmed Abbou, 2025. "Bi-Scale Mahalanobis Detection for Reactive Jamming in UAV OFDM Links," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-26, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:17:y:2025:i:10:p:474-:d:1774107
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet & Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh & Karina Shamilyevna Nurgalieva & Robert Hanus & Ehsan Nazemi & Igor M. Narozhnyy, 2022. "Extraction of Time-Domain Characteristics and Selection of Effective Features Using Correlation Analysis to Increase the Accuracy of Petroleum Fluid Monitoring Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.
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