Optimizing Hybrid V2X Communication: An Intelligent Technology Selection Algorithm Using 5G, C-V2X PC5 and DSRC

Cooperative communications advancements in Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) are bolstering the autonomous driving paradigm. V2X nodes are connected through communication technology, such as a short-range communication mode (Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and Cellular-V2X) or a long-range communication mode (Uu). Conventional vehicular networks employ static wireless vehicular communication technology without considering the traffic load on any individual V2X communication technology and the traffic dynamics in the vicinity of the V2X node, and are hence inefficient. In this study, we investigate hybrid V2X communication and propose an autonomous and intelligent technology selection algorithm using a decision tree. The algorithm uses the information from the received Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs) to collect statistics such as inter vehicular distance, one-way end-to-end latency and CAM density. These statistics are then used as input for the decision tree for selecting the appropriate technology (DSRC, C-V2X PC5 or 5G) for the subsequent scheduled C-ITS message transmission. The assessment of the intelligent hybrid V2X algorithm’s performance in our V2X test setup demonstrates enhancements in one-way end-to-end latency, reliability, and packet delivery rate when contrasted with the conventional utilization of static technology.