Distributed Bandwidth Allocation Strategy for QoE Fairness of Multiple Video Streams in Bottleneck Links

In QoE fairness optimization of multiple video streams, a distributed video stream fairness scheduling strategy based on federated deep reinforcement learning is designed to address the problem of low bandwidth utilization due to unfair bandwidth allocation and the problematic convergence of distributed algorithms in cooperative control of multiple video streams. The proposed strategy predicts a reasonable bandwidth allocation weight for the current video stream according to its player state and the global characteristics provided by the server. Then the congestion control protocol allocates the proportion of available bandwidth, matching its bandwidth allocation weight to each video stream in the bottleneck link. The strategy trains a local predictive model on each client and periodically performs federated aggregation to generate the optimal global scheme. In addition, the proposed strategy constructs global parameters containing information about the overall state of the video system to improve the performance of the distributed scheduling algorithm. The experimental results show that the introduction of global parameters can improve the algorithm’s QoE fairness and overall QoE efficiency by 10% and 8%, respectively. The QoE fairness and overall QoE efficiency are improved by 8% and 7%, respectively, compared with the latest scheme.