IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i9p2158-d1640558.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sustainable Energy Storage Systems: Polypyrrole-Filled Polyimide-Modified Carbon Nanotube Sheets with Remarkable Energy Density

Author

Listed:
  • Andekuba Andezai

    (Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072, USA)

  • Jude O. Iroh

    (Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072, USA)

Abstract

Organic hybrid materials are gaining traction as electrode candidates for energy storage due to their structural tunability and environmental compatibility. This study investigates polyimide/carbon nanotube/polypyrrole (PI/CNTs/PPy) hybrid nanocomposites, focusing on the correlation between thermal imidization temperature, polypyrrole deposition time, and the resulting electrochemical properties. By modulating PI processing temperatures (90 °C, 180 °C, 250 °C) and PPy deposition durations (60–700 s), this research uncovers critical structure–function relationships governing charge storage behavior. Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal that low-temperature imidization preserves porosity and enables ion-accessible pathways, while moderate PPy deposition enhances electrical conductivity without blocking pore networks. The optimized composite, processed at 90 °C with 60 s PPy deposition, demonstrates superior specific capacitance (850 F/g), high redox contribution (~70% of total charge), low charge transfer resistance, and enhanced energy/power density. In contrast, high-temperature processing and prolonged PPy deposition result in structural densification, increased resistance, and diminished performance. These findings highlight a synergistic design approach that leverages partial imidization and controlled doping to balance ionic diffusion, electron transport, and redox activity. The results provide a framework for developing scalable, high-performance, and sustainable electrode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.

Suggested Citation

  • Andekuba Andezai & Jude O. Iroh, 2025. "Sustainable Energy Storage Systems: Polypyrrole-Filled Polyimide-Modified Carbon Nanotube Sheets with Remarkable Energy Density," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:9:p:2158-:d:1640558
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2158/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2158/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andekuba Andezai & Jude O. Iroh, 2025. "Review: Overview of Organic Cathode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-37, January.
    2. Ruchinda Gooneratne & Jude O. Iroh, 2022. "Polypyrrole Modified Carbon Nanotube/Polyimide Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors and Lithium-ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Andekuba Andezai & Jude O. Iroh, 2024. "Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Rheology and Heat of Decomposition of Solution Processed Hybrid Nanocomposites and Implication to Sustainable Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-19, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Andekuba Andezai & Jude O. Iroh, 2025. "Polypyrrole Hybrid Nanocomposite Electrode Materials with Outstanding Specific Capacitance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-25, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:9:p:2158-:d:1640558. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.