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A Two-Tier Planning Approach for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Considering Grid Power Flexibility in New Energy High-Penetration Grids

Author

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  • Wei Huang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
    Qujing Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Qujing 655000, China)

  • Dongbo Qu

    (Qujing Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Qujing 655000, China)

  • Chen Wu

    (Grid Planning Research Center, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, China)

  • Kai Hu

    (Qujing Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Qujing 655000, China)

  • Tao Qiu

    (Qujing Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Qujing 655000, China)

  • Weidong Wei

    (Qujing Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Qujing 655000, China)

  • Guanhui Yin

    (Qujing Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Qujing 655000, China)

  • Xianguang Jia

    (School of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, China)

Abstract

This paper proposes a flow battery-lithium-ion battery hybrid energy storage system (HESS) bi-level optimization planning method to address flexibility supply-demand balance challenges in regional power grids with high renewable penetration at 220 kV and above voltage levels. The method establishes a planning-operation coordination framework: Upper-level planning minimizes total lifecycle investment and operation-maintenance costs; Lower-level operation incorporates multiple constraints including flexibility gap penalties, voltage fluctuations, and line losses, overcoming single-timescale limitations. The approach enhances global search capability through the Improved Weighted Average Algorithm (IWAA) and optimizes power allocation accuracy using adaptive Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). Validation using grid data from Southwest China demonstrates significant improvements across five comparative schemes. Results show substantial reductions in total investment costs, penalty costs, voltage fluctuations, and line losses compared to benchmark solutions, enhancing grid power supply stability and verifying the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei Huang & Dongbo Qu & Chen Wu & Kai Hu & Tao Qiu & Weidong Wei & Guanhui Yin & Xianguang Jia, 2025. "A Two-Tier Planning Approach for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Considering Grid Power Flexibility in New Energy High-Penetration Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:18:p:4986-:d:1753437
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Erdinç, Fatma Gülşen, 2023. "Rolling horizon optimization based real-time energy management of a residential neighborhood considering PV and ESS usage fairness," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    2. Li, Yutong & Hou, Jian & Yan, Gangfeng, 2024. "Exploration-enhanced multi-agent reinforcement learning for distributed PV-ESS scheduling with incomplete data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    3. Zhou, Xinbo & Qi, Li & Pan, Nan & Hou, Ming & Yang, Junwei, 2025. "Optimization method for load aggregation scheduling in industrial parks considering multiple interests and adjustable load classification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
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