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Impedance-Based Criterion Design for Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Switching Control of Wind Generation System

Author

Listed:
  • Sijia Huang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Zhenbin Zhang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Zhihao Chen

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Huimin Huang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Zhen Li

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

Abstract

As wind farms connect with power grids via long-distance transmission lines and multiple transformers, the resulting networks exhibit inherently weak and fluctuating grid strength—subject to dynamic variations from external disturbances like generation tripping; thus, ensuring stable operation presents a critical challenge. To address this issue, grid-following/grid-forming mode switching has emerged as a strategic approach, where wind turbine generators strategically switch between grid-following control in strong grids and grid-forming control in weak grids. This paper proposes an impedance-based switching criteria design methodology, ensuring system stability under dynamic grid strength variations. Leveraging sequence impedance analysis in frequency domain, we establish a stability boundary for mode transitions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed criteria maintain stable operation, enhancing robustness against grid strength fluctuations.

Suggested Citation

  • Sijia Huang & Zhenbin Zhang & Zhihao Chen & Huimin Huang & Zhen Li, 2025. "Impedance-Based Criterion Design for Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Switching Control of Wind Generation System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:18:p:4875-:d:1748925
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