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Industrial-Scale Development of Biogas Purification and Compression System

Author

Listed:
  • Tarsisius Kristyadi

    (Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Kota Bandung 40124, Indonesia)

  • Meilinda Nurbanasari

    (Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Kota Bandung 40124, Indonesia)

  • Dani Rusirawan

    (Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Kota Bandung 40124, Indonesia)

  • Jono Suhartono

    (Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Kota Bandung 40124, Indonesia)

  • Lisa Kristiana

    (Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Kota Bandung 40124, Indonesia)

  • Pramuda Nugraha

    (Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Kota Bandung 40124, Indonesia)

  • Alfan Ekajati

    (Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Kota Bandung 40124, Indonesia)

Abstract

The use of biogas in Indonesia, derived from livestock manure, palm oil waste, and organic waste, remains limited to household-scale applications due to its inefficiency in transportation and storage. This limitation arises from the presence of CO 2 and H 2 O in raw biogas, which results in a lower methane content compared to natural gas. Furthermore, raw biogas is not suitable for storage in cylinders or long-distance distribution without purification. This research aims to address these challenges by developing biogas into Bio-Compressed Natural Gas (Bio-CNG), a high-methane-content fuel suitable for industrial applications and power generation. Bio-CNG is produced through biogas purification, primarily using the water scrubbing method, to achieve methane concentrations exceeding 92%, followed by compression to 120 Bar for compact storage and ease of transport. The study focuses on designing and testing an industrial-scale effective water scrubber system for biogas purification, thereby enabling the broader utilization of renewable biogas energy beyond local reactor sites. The development of the biogas purification and compression system begins with the system modeling and the detailed design, which are then followed by the hardware fabrication in industrial-scale scenarios. The purification and compression of biogas consist of two main components: the purification system and the biogas compression system. The core of the purification system is a scrubber, designed as a vertical column measuring 6 m in height and 0.5 m in diameter. The designed and fabricated system for industrial-scale biogas purification and compression was then tested. The results showed a linear correlation between scrubber operating pressure and methane and CO 2 content. Based on the results of the pressure and water flow rate variation tests, an operating pressure of 2 bar is recommended for the water scrubber, as this condition yielded the lowest specific energy consumption of 0.3 kWh/Nm 3 . Meanwhile, in the biogas compression system, the energy required is exponentially proportional to the pressure between 75 and 105 bar.

Suggested Citation

  • Tarsisius Kristyadi & Meilinda Nurbanasari & Dani Rusirawan & Jono Suhartono & Lisa Kristiana & Pramuda Nugraha & Alfan Ekajati, 2025. "Industrial-Scale Development of Biogas Purification and Compression System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:18:p:4869-:d:1748705
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Matteo Galloni & Gioele Di Marcoberardino, 2024. "Biogas Upgrading Technology: Conventional Processes and Emerging Solutions Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-29, June.
    2. Calbry-Muzyka, Adelaide & Madi, Hossein & Rüsch-Pfund, Florian & Gandiglio, Marta & Biollaz, Serge, 2022. "Biogas composition from agricultural sources and organic fraction of municipal solid waste," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1000-1007.
    3. Wantz, Eliot & Lemonnier, Mathis & Benizri, David & Dietrich, Nicolas & Hébrard, Gilles, 2023. "Innovative high-pressure water scrubber for biogas upgrading at farm-scale using vacuum for water regeneration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    4. Nathaniel Sawyerr & Cristina Trois & Tilahun Workneh & Vincent Okudoh, 2019. "An Overview of Biogas Production: Fundamentals, Applications and Future Research," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(2), pages 105-116.
    5. Zhao, Jin & Patwary, Ataul Karim & Qayyum, Abdul & Alharthi, Majed & Bashir, Furrukh & Mohsin, Muhammad & Hanif, Imran & Abbas, Qaiser, 2022. "The determinants of renewable energy sources for the fueling of green and sustainable economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
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