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Study on the Failure Causes and Improvement Measures of Arresters in 10 kV Distribution Transformer Areas

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  • Taishan Hu

    (Electric Power Research Institute, CSG, Guangzhou 510663, China
    National Engineering Research Center of UHV Technology and New Electrical Equipment Basis, Kunming 651705, China)

  • Yuanzhi Wu

    (School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

  • Zhiming Liao

    (School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

  • Gang Liu

    (Electric Power Research Institute, CSG, Guangzhou 510663, China
    National Engineering Research Center of UHV Technology and New Electrical Equipment Basis, Kunming 651705, China)

  • Shangmao Hu

    (Electric Power Research Institute, CSG, Guangzhou 510663, China
    National Engineering Research Center of UHV Technology and New Electrical Equipment Basis, Kunming 651705, China)

  • Yongxia Han

    (School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

  • Lu Qu

    (Electric Power Research Institute, CSG, Guangzhou 510663, China
    National Engineering Research Center of UHV Technology and New Electrical Equipment Basis, Kunming 651705, China)

  • Licheng Li

    (School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

Abstract

In recent years, arresters in 10 kV distribution transformer areas of the Guangdong power grid have exhibited a rising trend of premature failures, posing a serious threat to distribution network reliability. This paper studied the failure causes of arresters through performance tests on failed arresters and through deterioration tests on new arresters and their prorated sections under typical operating stresses. The failed arresters and their internal varistors displayed varying degrees of physical damage and pronounced degradation in electrical performance, characterized by a strong polarity effect on the DC reference voltage ( U 1mA ), elevated DC leakage current ( I L ) and resistive current ( i R ), and excessive residual voltage ( U 5kV ). In the lightning impulse test, varistors primarily showed pinhole-type damage and significant polarity effects on Δ U 1mA . In the AC aging test, Δ U 5kV increased markedly. In the water immersion test, varistors exhibited salt deposits and aluminum electrode blackening, with Δ U 1mA decreasing, while I L and Δ i R increased significantly. Overall, internal moisture superimposed on other operating stresses was identified as a major internal cause of arrester failure, while pollution flashover of the housing was considered the primary external factor. Corresponding improvement measures in material optimization, testing and inspection, and operation and maintenance are proposed to enhance arrester reliability.

Suggested Citation

  • Taishan Hu & Yuanzhi Wu & Zhiming Liao & Gang Liu & Shangmao Hu & Yongxia Han & Lu Qu & Licheng Li, 2025. "Study on the Failure Causes and Improvement Measures of Arresters in 10 kV Distribution Transformer Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:17:p:4501-:d:1731625
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Raphael Pablo de Souza Barradas & Gabriel Vianna Soares Rocha & João Rodrigo Silva Muniz & Ubiratan Holanda Bezerra & Marcus Vinícius Alves Nunes & Jucileno Silva e Silva, 2020. "Methodology for Analysis of Electric Distribution Network Criticality Due to Direct Lightning Discharges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, April.
    2. Duanjiao Li & Wenxing Sun & Kunyu Song & Ruifeng Zhu & Zhenxin Zhong & Tongshu Ding & Jiachen Gao, 2024. "Research on Differentiated Lightning Protection of Overhead Distribution Lines under Continuous Lightning Strikes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Behnam Ranjbar & Ali Darvishi & Rahman Dashti & Hamid Reza Shaker, 2022. "A Survey of Diagnostic and Condition Monitoring of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester in the Power Distribution Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-18, October.
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