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Influence of Overcharge Abuse on the Thermal-Electrochemical Performance of Sodium Ion Cells

Author

Listed:
  • Jiangyun Zhang

    (School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Ruli Zhang

    (School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Fei Duan

    (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639789, Singapore)

  • Mingli Niu

    (Department of Electric Power Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou 510925, China)

  • Guoqing Zhang

    (School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Ting Huang

    (International Copper Association, Room 2582, 25F, 381 Huaihai Zhong Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200020, China)

  • Xiaoyong Wang

    (Dongguan Guixiang Insulation Material Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523861, China)

  • Yuliang Wen

    (Dongguan Guixiang Insulation Material Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523861, China)

  • Ning Xu

    (Guangdong Greenway Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523000, China)

  • Xin Liu

    (Guangdong Greenway Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523000, China)

Abstract

Thermal safety issues of sodium-ion batteries have become a major challenge, particularly under abusive conditions where the risk of thermal runaway is heightened. This study investigates the effects of overcharging on the thermal safety of sodium-ion batteries. Discharge capacity and time, internal resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( EIS ) at different states of charge ( SOCs ) are analyzed. Additionally, heat generation behaviors are evaluated at both normal/elevated temperatures. It is found that the overcharged batteries ( OBs ) demonstrate a significant increase in internal resistance from 46.72 Ω to 65.99 Ω. The discharge time of OBs at 1 C current (the ratio of the rate at which a battery discharges per unit time to its rated capacity) is reduced by 4.26% compared to normal batteries ( NBs ). The peak temperature and temperature difference increase by 5.6% and 36.1%, respectively. When discharged at 1 C at 40 °C, OBs have a 5.47% reduction in discharge time compared to NBs . Furthermore, the OBs exhibit an increase in the peak discharge temperature and temperature difference of 0.99 °C and 0.4 °C, respectively. Microscopic analysis of the electrode materials makes clear the irreversible damage to the internal structures of the sodium-ion battery caused by overcharging. This study potentially provides fundamental data support and theoretical insights for sodium-ion battery module thermal safety.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiangyun Zhang & Ruli Zhang & Fei Duan & Mingli Niu & Guoqing Zhang & Ting Huang & Xiaoyong Wang & Yuliang Wen & Ning Xu & Xin Liu, 2025. "Influence of Overcharge Abuse on the Thermal-Electrochemical Performance of Sodium Ion Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-27, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:13:p:3580-:d:1696512
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Lalinde, Iñaki & Berrueta, Alberto & Arza, Joseba & Sanchis, Pablo & Ursúa, Alfredo, 2024. "On the characterization of lithium-ion batteries under overtemperature and overcharge conditions: Identification of abuse areas and experimental validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 354(PB).
    4. Appiah-Otoo, Isaac & Chen, Xudong & Ampah, Jeffrey Dankwa, 2023. "Does financial structure affect renewable energy consumption? Evidence from G20 countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
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