A Real-Time Investigation of an Enhanced Variable Step PO MPPT Controller for Photovoltaic Systems Using dSPACE 1104 Board

This paper aims to maximize the performance of photovoltaic generators under varying atmospheric conditions by employing an improved variable-step current perturbation Perturb and Observe (IVSCP-PO) MPPT controller. The proposed approach overcomes the limitations of traditional controllers and significantly enhances tracking efficiency. The IVSCP-PO controller locates the maximum power point (MPP) using current perturbation instead of voltage perturbation and employs a variable step iteration based on input variables such as power, voltage, and current for better adjustment of the boost converter’s duty ratio. Comprehensive simulations demonstrate the tracking effectiveness of the IVSCP-PO approach under varied and severe temperature and solar intensity conditions. The results indicate that the IVSCP-PO controller outperforms traditional and recently published methods by avoiding drift and oscillation and minimizing power loss. This translates to maximized static and dynamic tracking efficiencies, reaching 99.99% and 99.98%, respectively. Additionally, the IVSCP-PO controller boasts a record-breaking average tracking time of just 0.002 s, a substantial improvement over traditional and improved PO methods ranging from 0.036 to 0.6 s. To further validate these results, experiments were conducted using the dSPACE 1104 board, demonstrating the superior accuracy and effectiveness of the approach and providing a promising solution to optimize the performance of photovoltaic panels.