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Advanced Self-Powered Sensor for Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Utilizing Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Technology

Author

Listed:
  • Hicham Mastouri

    (Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

  • Mohammed Remaidi

    (Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco)

  • Amine Ennawaoui

    (Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco)

  • Meryiem Derraz

    (Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco)

  • Chouaib Ennawaoui

    (Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco)

Abstract

In the context of autonomous environmental monitoring, this study investigates a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor designed for selective carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) detection. The sensor is based on a LiTaO 3 piezoelectric substrate with copper interdigital transducers and a polyetherimide (PEI) layer, chosen for its high electromechanical coupling and strong CO 2 affinity. Finite element simulations were conducted to analyze the resonance frequency response under varying gas concentrations, film thicknesses, pressures, and temperatures. Results demonstrate a linear and sensitive frequency shift, with detection capability starting from 10 ppm. The sensor’s autonomy is ensured by a piezoelectric energy harvester composed of a cantilever beam structure with an attached seismic mass, where mechanical vibrations induce stress in a piezoelectric layer (PZT-5H or PVDF), generating electrical energy via the direct piezoelectric effect. Analytical and numerical analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of excitation frequency, material properties, and optimal load on power output. This integrated configuration offers a compact and energy-independent solution for real-time CO 2 monitoring in low-power or inaccessible environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Hicham Mastouri & Mohammed Remaidi & Amine Ennawaoui & Meryiem Derraz & Chouaib Ennawaoui, 2025. "Advanced Self-Powered Sensor for Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Utilizing Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:12:p:3082-:d:1676671
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