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Evaluation of Nitrogen Oxide (NO) and Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions from Waste Biodiesel Combustion

Author

Listed:
  • Jacek Wasilewski

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Paweł Krzaczek

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Zając

    (Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland)

  • Adam Koniuszy

    (Department of Renewable Energy Sources Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieza Pawla VI 1, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw

    (Department of Renewable Energy Sources Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieza Pawla VI 1, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Weronika Marcinkowska

    (Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

The results of an experimental study of nitrogen oxide (NO) and particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the exhaust gas of a compression-ignition engine used in agricultural tractors and other commercial vehicles are presented. The engine was fueled with second-generation biodiesel obtained from used frying oils (classified as waste) and first-generation biodiesel produced from rapeseed oil as well as, comparatively, diesel fuel. Tests were conducted on a dynamometer bench at a variable load and a variable engine speed. The levels of PM and NO emissions in the exhaust gas were determined. The study showed significant environmental benefits of using first- and second-generation biodiesel to power the engine due to the level of PM emissions. The PM content, when burning ester biofuel compared to diesel fuel, was reduced by 45–70% on average under the speed and load conditions implemented. As for the concentration of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas, no clear trend of change was shown for the biodiesel in relation to the diesel fuel. The level of NO emissions in the range of full-power characteristics was found to be lower for both tested biofuels compared to diesel fuel at lower engine speeds by an average of 7–8%, while in the range of a higher rotation speed, the NO content in the exhaust gases was higher for the tested biofuels compared to diesel oil by an average of 4–5%. The realized engine performance tests, moreover, showed an unfavorable effect of the biodiesel on the engine energy parameters. In the case of biofuels, this was by more than 4% compared to diesel fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacek Wasilewski & Paweł Krzaczek & Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz & Grzegorz Zając & Adam Koniuszy & Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw & Weronika Marcinkowska, 2024. "Evaluation of Nitrogen Oxide (NO) and Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions from Waste Biodiesel Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:2:p:328-:d:1315789
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ezzati, Rohollah & Ranjbar, Shahram & Soltanabadi, Azim, 2021. "Kinetics models of transesterification reaction for biodiesel production: A theoretical analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 280-296.
    2. Mikulski, Maciej & Ambrosewicz-Walacik, Marta & Duda, Kamil & Hunicz, Jacek, 2020. "Performance and emission characterization of a common-rail compression-ignition engine fuelled with ternary mixtures of rapeseed oil, pyrolytic oil and diesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 739-755.
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    Cited by:

    1. Prajapati, Ajeet Kumar & Mahajan, Annanya & Jadhav, Shraddha Mangesh & Kumar, Karan, 2026. "Fourth-generation (4G) biodiesel: Paving the way for a greener and sustainable energy future in emerging economies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    2. Karolina Sokal & Magdalena Kachel, 2025. "Impact of Agriculture on Greenhouse Gas Emissions—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-37, April.

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