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Reviewing Control Paradigms and Emerging Trends of Grid-Forming Inverters—A Comparative Study

Author

Listed:
  • Khaliqur Rahman

    (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan)

  • Jun Hashimoto

    (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan)

  • Dai Orihara

    (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan)

  • Taha Selim Ustun

    (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan)

  • Kenji Otani

    (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan)

  • Hiroshi Kikusato

    (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan)

  • Yasuhiro Kodama

    (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan)

Abstract

Grid-forming inverters (GFMs) have emerged as crucial components in modern power systems, facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources and enhancing grid stability. The significance of GFMs lies in their ability to autonomously establish grid voltage and frequency, enabling grids to form and improve system flexibility. Discussing control methods for grid-forming inverters is paramount due to their crucial role in shaping grid dynamics and ensuring reliable power delivery. This paper explores the fundamental and advanced control methods employed by GFMs, explaining their operational principles and performance characteristics. Basic control methods typically involve droop control, voltage and frequency regulation, and power-balancing techniques to maintain grid stability under varying operating conditions. Advanced control strategies encompass predictive control, model predictive control (MPC), and adaptive control, which influence advanced algorithms and real-time data for enhanced system responsiveness and efficiency. A detailed analysis and performance comparison of different control methods for GFM is presented, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and suitability for diverse grid environments. Through comprehensive studies, this research interprets the ability of various control strategies to mitigate grid disturbances, optimize power flow, and enhance overall system stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Khaliqur Rahman & Jun Hashimoto & Dai Orihara & Taha Selim Ustun & Kenji Otani & Hiroshi Kikusato & Yasuhiro Kodama, 2024. "Reviewing Control Paradigms and Emerging Trends of Grid-Forming Inverters—A Comparative Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-25, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:10:p:2400-:d:1395971
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