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Energy Performance of Occupant Behaviors on Windows: A Green Building Based Study

Author

Listed:
  • Kaixiang Cheng

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)

  • Jian Yao

    (Department of Architecture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)

  • Rongyue Zheng

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)

Abstract

In this paper, the window-opening behavior in a three-star green building with an operation mark in Ningbo was investigated. Four single offices facing south were selected, and the measurement lasted 20–40 days in the cooling season. An analysis of the relationship between window use and environmental factors was assessed by monitoring the occupancy state, the window action and window state, the time, and the temperature and humidity. A statistical analysis method was conducted to reveal the similarities and differences in window use among different occupants. The main findings were as follows: The window adjustment behaviors of different people vary significantly. In terms of adjustment time, there are two modes of behaviors. In addition, the occupancy state had a great impact on window action. Moreover, some people prefer to open the windows in the morning and close the windows at departure time, However, some of them prefer to open the windows at departure time and close the windows at the arrival time. Some irrational window opening behaviors were found in this research. Through correlation analysis, it was shown that the longer time the occupants were in the office, the higher window-opening duration and window-opening frequency would be. If the window was closed at arrival time, the total opening duration of window was significantly reduced. Also, window opening duration and closing duration are proportional to each other. With the help of principal component analysis (PCA) of the 12 features that affected window adjustment, the correlation between the window opening behaviors and the features could be clearly illustrated. A stochastic model of window-opening behavior based on logistics regression and uncertainty analysis was used in this paper. The cooling energy consumption of the stochastic model is 99.9% higher than the energy consumption generated by a fixed number of air changes, and the average energy consumption exceeds the fixed value by more than 21%. The findings of this study have certain guiding significance for promoting energy conservation by occupants’ behaviors in green buildings in this region.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaixiang Cheng & Jian Yao & Rongyue Zheng, 2023. "Energy Performance of Occupant Behaviors on Windows: A Green Building Based Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-25, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:5:p:2209-:d:1079764
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. S. Srivastav & P.J. Jones, 2009. "Use of traditional passive strategies to reduce the energy use and carbon emissions in modern dwellings," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, vol. 4(3), pages 141-149, May.
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