Series Arc Fault Characteristics and Detection Method of a Photovoltaic System

The DC arc is the main cause of fire in photovoltaic (PV) systems. This is due to the fact that the DC arc has no zero-crossing point and is prone to stable combustion. Failure to detect it in a timely manner can seriously endanger the PV system. This study analyzes the influences of the series arc and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm on the PV output characteristics based on the PV equivalent circuit module. The PV voltage and current variation characteristics are obtained when the series arc occurs. The findings indicate that the input voltage of the converter remains unchanged due to the MPPT algorithm before and after the series arc occurs. Furthermore, the PV faulty string output current will drastically decrease when the series arc fault occurs. On this basis, a series arc detection method based on the current change is proposed, suppressing the combustion of the series arc by increasing the target voltage of the MPPT algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect and extinguish the series arc in the PV system within 0.6 s. Compared to the other methods, the proposed method can be integrated into the PV system without additional hardware.