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New Method for Modelling Seasonal Variation in Resistance and Performance of Earthing Systems

Author

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  • Onyedikachi Samuel Nnamdi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420007, Nigeria
    School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa)

  • Gomes Chandima

    (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa)

Abstract

The current techniques utilized for estimating seasonal fluctuations in earthing system resistance, including artificial neural networks (ANNs) and correlation/correction factors, rely on resistance records, soil resistivity measurements, and meteorological data collected across broad areas. However, they frequently fail to consider the impact of soil conditions and properties at the actual earthing location. As a solution, this research introduces a new method that models atmospheric conditions as soil suction and incorporates hydraulic soil properties (soil water retention characteristics and hydraulic conductivity) to estimate the seasonal changes in earthing resistance and performance. To illustrate this approach, this study constructs geometric models of vertical earthing rods for three homogeneous soil textures (clayey, silty, and sandy) utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics software. By coupling the differential equations governing electric current and water flow using Archie’s formula and solving numerically with the finite element method (FEM) for various soil suctions, this research reveals that soil water retention and resistivity variations are notably influenced by soil texture. Sandy soil displays higher variability, silt soil demonstrates moderate changes, while clayey soil exhibits lower fluctuation. By linking soil resistivity changes to soil suction and hydraulic properties, this innovative method predicts seasonal trends in earthing resistance and performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Onyedikachi Samuel Nnamdi & Gomes Chandima, 2023. "New Method for Modelling Seasonal Variation in Resistance and Performance of Earthing Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:19:p:7002-:d:1256024
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Normiza Mohamad Nor, 2023. "Review: Factors Affecting the Performance of Ground Electrodes under High Impulse Currents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Nur Alia Farina Mohamad Nasir & Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir & Miszaina Osman & Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman & Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin & Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir & Nur Hazirah Zaini & Nik Hakimi Nik A, 2021. "Impact of Earthing System Designs and Soil Characteristics on Tower Footing Impedance and Ground Potential Rise: A Modelling Approach for Sustainable Power Operation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-20, July.
    3. Hanis Hamizah Hizamul-Din & Normiza Mohamad Nor & Dzulkafley Abd Samad & Muhd Norhasri Muhd Sidek, 2021. "Investigative Study of Vertical Electrodes Encased in Concrete/Mortar with Various Sizes of Air Voids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-11, May.
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