The La +3 -, Nd +3 -, Bi +3 -Doped Ceria as Mixed Conductor Materials for Conventional and Single-Component Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Clean energy devices are essential in today’s environment to combat climate change and work towards sustainable development. In this paper, the potential materials A 2 Ce 2 O 7−δ (A = La +3 , Nd +3 , Bi +3 ) were analyzed for clean energy devices, specifically for conventional and single-component solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs). The wet chemical route has been followed for the preparation of samples. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all three samples exhibited a defected fluorite cubic structure. It also revealed the presence of dopants in the ceria, which was confirmed by the fingerprint region of FTIR. The optical behavior, fuel cell performance and electrochemical behavior were studied by UV–vis, fuel cell testing apparatus and EIS, respectively. The SEM results showed that all samples had irregular polygons. In Raman spectra, the F 2g mode corresponding to the space group (Fm3m) confirms the fluorite structure. The Raman spectra showed that A 2 Ce 2 O 7−δ (A = La +3 , Nd +3 , Bi +3 ) have different trends. The conventional fuel cell performance showed that the maximum power density of Bi 2 Ce 2 O 7 was 0.65 Wcm −2 at 600 °C. The performance of A 2 Ce 2 O 7−δ (A = La 3+ , Nd 3+ , Bi 3+ ) as a single-component fuel cell revealed that Nd 2 Ce 2 O 7−δ is the best choice with semiconductors conductors ZnO and NCAL. The highest power density (Pmax) of the Nd 2 Ce 2 O 7 /ZnO was 0.58 Wcm −2 , while the maximum power output (Pmax) of the Nd 2 Ce 2 O 7 /NCAL was 0.348 Wcm −2 at 650 °C. All the samples showed good agreement with the ZnO as compared to NCAL for SC-SOFCs.