Microclimate Analysis of the High-Impact Weather for the Power Grid Operation in the Jibei Region of China

High-impact weather affects the safety and economic operation of power systems. In this study, to provide regional microclimate of high-impact weather for the local power grid system in the northern Heibei province (known as the Jibei region in China), ERA5-Land global reanalysis data during 1981–2020 with a 0.1° grid size (about 9 km) are adopted to analyze the climate statistics and changes of the disastrous weather that affects the power grids. The results show that there have been significant climate changes in the region, including a temperature increase of about 1 °C, evident humidity and precipitation reductions, for the Jibei region and the six sub-regions that concentrated with wind and solar energy development in the 40 years. Due to the differences in terrain, the climate changes differ significantly among the six renewable energy development regions. The main types of high-impact weather that affect the power grid in the region are heavy fog and icing events, followed by cold waves, snowstorms, and rainstorms. In general, with climate changes in the last several decades, the weather disasters in Jibei region have become more frequent. Since most high-impact weather events have a small scale, it is necessary to simulate the weather processes with high-resolution models to accurately quantify the characteristics of the weather processes that affect the power grid. Therefore, a refined regional meteorological model (with grid size of 2 km) based on four-dimensional data assimilation (JB-FDDA) is established for the Jibei region. With one year of model reanalysis data, we found that JB-FDDA can significantly improve the accuracy of the local meteorological fields, and properly depicted the details of severe weather that affect the power grid operation. This study provide an analytical approach for regional electricity meteorological disasters by using reanalysis data.