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The Dielectric Properties of Worker Bee Homogenate in a High Frequency Electric Field

Author

Listed:
  • Leszek Szychta

    (Faculty of Telecommunications, IT and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Piotr Jankowski-Mihułowicz

    (Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Systems, Rzeszów University of Technology, ul. Wincentego Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland)

  • Elżbieta Szychta

    (Faculty of Telecommunications, IT and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Olszewski

    (Department of Apidology, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Putynkowski

    (Technology Research and Development Center for Industry, Waryńskiego 3A, 00-645 Warszawa, Poland)

  • Tadeusz Barczak

    (Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Piotr Wasilewski

    (Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

Abstract

Biological tissues, including insect tissues, are among lossy dielectric materials. The permittivity properties of these materials are described by loss factor ε ″ and loss tangent tg δ . The dielectric properties of the worker honeybee body homogenate are tested in the range of high frequencies from 1 MHz to 6 GHz. The homogenate is produced by mixing whole worker honeybees and tested with an epsilometer from Compass Technology and a Copper Mountain Technologies vector circuit analyser VNA. Due to their consistency, the homogenate samples are placed inside polyurethane sachets. The measured permittivity relates to two components of a sample: homogenate and polyurethane. For five samples, two extremes were specified for the permittivity, loss factor ε ″ , and the loss tangent tg δ , for the frequency range 20 ÷ 80 MHz and 3 GHz. Four techniques of testing permittivity in biological tissues were used to determine the dielectric properties of the homogenate. A calculation model was developed featuring a minimum measurement error of the loss factor ε ″ and the loss tangent tg δ . The power absorbed per unit volume is described for the whole frequency range.

Suggested Citation

  • Leszek Szychta & Piotr Jankowski-Mihułowicz & Elżbieta Szychta & Krzysztof Olszewski & Grzegorz Putynkowski & Tadeusz Barczak & Piotr Wasilewski, 2022. "The Dielectric Properties of Worker Bee Homogenate in a High Frequency Electric Field," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:24:p:9342-:d:998841
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