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Literature Review of Hybrid CO 2 Low Salinity Water-Alternating-Gas Injection and Investigation on Hysteresis Effect

Author

Listed:
  • Shijia Ma

    (Hibernia EOR Research Group, Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada)

  • Lesley A. James

    (Hibernia EOR Research Group, Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada)

Abstract

Low salinity water injection (LSWI) is considered to be more cost-effective and has less environmental impacts over conventional chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods. CO 2 Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection is also a leading EOR flooding process. The hybrid EOR method, CO 2 low salinity (LS) WAG injection, which incorporates low salinity water into CO 2 WAG injection, is potentially beneficial in terms of optimizing oil recovery and decreasing operational costs. Experimental and simulation studies reveal that CO 2 LSWAG injection is influenced by CO 2 solubility in brine, brine salinity and composition, rock composition, WAG parameters, and wettability. However, the mechanism for increased recovery using this hybrid method is still debatable and the conditions under which CO 2 LSWAG injection is effective are still uncertain. Hence, a comprehensive review of the existing literature investigating LSWI and CO 2 WAG injection, and laboratory and simulation studies of CO 2 LSWAG injection is essential to understand current research progress, highlight knowledge gaps and identify future research directions. With the identified research gap, a core-scale simulation study on hysteresis effect in CO 2 LSWAG injection is carried out. The results indicate different changing trend in oil recovery due to the impact of salinity on hysteresis and excluding of hysteresis effect in CO 2 LSWAG injection simulation and optimization might lead to significant errors.

Suggested Citation

  • Shijia Ma & Lesley A. James, 2022. "Literature Review of Hybrid CO 2 Low Salinity Water-Alternating-Gas Injection and Investigation on Hysteresis Effect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-38, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:7891-:d:951950
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