Method to Predict the Non-Uniform Potential Distribution in Random Electrical Machine Windings under Pulse Voltage Stress

This article describes a practical method for predicting the distribution of electric potential inside an electrical machine’s winding based on design data. It broadens the understanding of winding impedance in terms of inter-winding behavior and allows to properly design an electrical machine’s insulation system during the development phase. The predictions are made based on an frequency-dependent equivalent circuit of the electrical machine which is validated by measurements in the time domain and the frequency domain. Element parameters for the equivalent circuit are derived from two-dimensional field simulations. The results demonstrate a non-uniform potential distribution and demonstrate that the potential difference between individual turns and between turns and the stator core exceeds the expected values. The findings also show a link between winding impedance and potential oscillations inside the winding. Additionally, the article provides an overview of the chronological progression of turn-based models and shows how asynchronous multiprocessing is used to accelerate the solution process of the equivalent circuit.