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Electric Drivetrain Optimization for a Commercial Fleet with Different Degrees of Electrical Machine Commonality

Author

Listed:
  • Meng Lu

    (Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden)

  • Gabriel Domingues-Olavarría

    (Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
    BorgWarner Sweden AB, SE-26151 Landskrona, Sweden)

  • Francisco J. Márquez-Fernández

    (Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden)

  • Pontus Fyhr

    (Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
    Haldex Brakes AB, SE-26124 Landskrona, Sweden)

  • Mats Alaküla

    (Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden)

Abstract

At present, the prevalence of electric vehicles is increasing continuously. In particular, there are promising applications for commercial vehicles transferring from conventional to full electric, due to lower operating costs and stricter emission regulations. Thus, cost analysis from the fleet perspective becomes important. The study of cost competitiveness of different drivetrain designs is necessary to evaluate the fleet cost variance for different degrees of electrical machine commonality. This paper presents a methodology to find a preliminary powertrain design that minimizes the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for an entire fleet of electric commercial vehicles while fulfilling the performance requirements of each vehicle type. This methodology is based on scalable electric machine models, and particle swarm is used as the main optimization algorithm. The results show that the total cost penalty incurred when sharing the same electrical machine is small, therefore, there is a cost saving potential in higher degrees of electrical machine commonality.

Suggested Citation

  • Meng Lu & Gabriel Domingues-Olavarría & Francisco J. Márquez-Fernández & Pontus Fyhr & Mats Alaküla, 2021. "Electric Drivetrain Optimization for a Commercial Fleet with Different Degrees of Electrical Machine Commonality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:2989-:d:559375
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