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Multivariable Unconstrained Pattern Search Method for Optimizing Digital PID Controllers Applied to Isolated Forward Converter

Author

Listed:
  • Ghulam Abbas

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Usman Asad

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada)

  • Jason Gu

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada)

  • Salem Alelyani

    (Center for Artificial Intelligence (CAI), King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
    College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Valentina E. Balas

    (Department of Automatics and Applied Software, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 310130 Arad, Romania)

  • Mohammad Rashid Hussain

    (Center for Artificial Intelligence (CAI), King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
    College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Umar Farooq

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Ahmed Bilal Awan

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE)

  • Ali Raza

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Chunqi Chang

    (School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China)

Abstract

Most of the traditional PID tuning methods are heuristic in nature. The heuristic approach-based tuned PID controllers show only nominal performance. In addition, in the case of a digital redesign approach, mapping of the heuristically-designed continuous-time PID controllers into discrete-time PID controllers and in case of the direct digital design approach, mapping of the continuous-time plant (forward converter) into the discrete-time plant, results in frequency distortion (or warping). Besides this, nonlinear elements such as ADC and DAC, and delay in the digital control loop deteriorate the control performance. There is a need to tune conventionally-designed digital controllers to enhance performance. This paper proposes optimized discrete-time PID controllers for a forward DC–DC converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). The considered conventional digital PID controllers designed on the basis of the digital redesign and direct digital approaches are tuned by one of the multivariable unconstrained pattern search methods named Hooke–Jeeves (H–J) search method to ensure excellent output voltage regulation performance against the changes in input voltage and load current. Numerical results show that the H–J-based optimized PID compensated forward converter system shows tremendous improvement in performance compared to its unoptimized counterpart and simulated annealing (SA)-based compensated system, thus justifying the applicability of the H–J method for enhancing the performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghulam Abbas & Muhammad Usman Asad & Jason Gu & Salem Alelyani & Valentina E. Balas & Mohammad Rashid Hussain & Umar Farooq & Ahmed Bilal Awan & Ali Raza & Chunqi Chang, 2020. "Multivariable Unconstrained Pattern Search Method for Optimizing Digital PID Controllers Applied to Isolated Forward Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2020:i:1:p:77-:d:468346
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jaeil Baek & Han-Shin Youn, 2020. "Full-Bridge Active-Clamp Forward-Flyback Converter with an Integrated Transformer for High-Performance and Low Cost Low-Voltage DC Converter of Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Ghulam Abbas & Muhammad Qumar Nazeer & Valentina E. Balas & Tsung-Chih Lin & Marius M. Balas & Muhammad Usman Asad & Ali Raza & Muhammad Naeem Shehzad & Umar Farooq & Jason Gu, 2019. "Derivative-Free Direct Search Optimization Method for Enhancing Performance of Analytical Design Approach-Based Digital Controller for Switching Regulator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Zbigniew Rymarski & Krzysztof Bernacki, 2020. "Different Features of Control Systems for Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-20, August.
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