Damage Evolution Mechanisms of Rock Induced by Blasting with the Aid of Empty-Hole Effect

Blasting has been widely used in coal mining as a method of reducing the integrity of rock mass. Its low controllability often leads to the unsatisfactory fragmentation effect of rock mass. The empty borehole effect has great significance in avoiding the excessive breakage of rock mass and guiding the directional propagation of blasting-induced fractures. Nevertheless, the rock mass damage type evolution induced by the empty borehole has been rarely studied. A tension–compression constitutive model of rock mass damage is established in this paper. The model is incorporated into the numerical modeling code LS-DYNA as a user-defined material model. Then, LS-DYNA is used to investigate the evolution mechanism of rock mass damage under the empty borehole effect. The damage types of rock mass caused by the empty borehole effect are also studied. The Fortran language is utilized to monitor the number variation of the tensile damaged elements and the compressive damaged elements in the rock mass around the empty borehole. The results indicate that existence of the empty borehole significantly enhances the tensile stress and the stress concentration factor in the rock mass nearby the empty borehole. Meanwhile, the rock mass nearby the empty borehole mainly damages in tension. Both the number of the tensile damaged elements and the tensile stresses in the elements increases as the empty borehole diameter increases. The number of the compressive damaged elements decreases with increasing empty borehole diameter.