IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jecomi/v11y2023i11p280-d1279406.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Understanding the Macroeconomic Effects of Female Participation in the Labour Market

Author

Listed:
  • Vesna Buterin

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Rijeka, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Barbara Fajdetić

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Rijeka, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

  • Barbara Funarić

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Rijeka, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia)

Abstract

Throughout history, women have struggled to find their place in the labour market. Their participation in the labour market is usually characterised by worse working conditions; they tend to work in lower-paid jobs, under worse social conditions, and in the vast majority of cases their work in the household is not credited. Women make up half of the world’s population, and their non-participation in the labour force has negative consequences for economic growth. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of women’s participation in the labour market on living standard in the European Union. Data on women’s participation in entrepreneurship and politics were also analysed as part of this work. Panel data analysis was conducted for the period 2009–2022 for 27 members of the European Union, using fixed and random effects. The results show that long-term unemployment has a negative impact on GDP per capita. Moreover, a higher share of women in parliament and better education of women is confirmed to be crucial for GDP per capita growth. Failure to include women could have serious consequences for economic growth. The key to success is education and social change that enable women to play the same role as men in the labour market.

Suggested Citation

  • Vesna Buterin & Barbara Fajdetić & Barbara Funarić, 2023. "Understanding the Macroeconomic Effects of Female Participation in the Labour Market," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:11:y:2023:i:11:p:280-:d:1279406
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/11/11/280/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/11/11/280/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rulia Akhtar & Muhammad Mehedi Masud & Nusrat Jafrin & Sharifah Muhairah Shahabudin, 2023. "Economic growth, gender inequality, openness of trade, and female labour force participation: a nonlinear ARDL approach," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 1725-1752, June.
    2. BILAN Yuriy & OMRAN Emad Attia Mohamed, 2022. "Female Labour Force Participation and the Economic Development in Egypt," European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bucharest Economic Academy, issue 01, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Saleh Miralam & Sayeeduzzafar Qazi & Inass Salamah Ali & Mohd Yasir Arafat, 2025. "Exploring the Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia: A Strategic Plan for Sustainable Entrepreneurial Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-20, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ekene ThankGod Emeka & Simplice A. Asongu & Yolande E. Ngoungou, 2024. "Gender economic inclusion, governance institutions and economic complexity in Africa," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(5), pages 5639-5658, October.
    2. Vanessa S. Tchamyou & Ofeh M. Edoh & Simplice A. Asongu, 2024. "Gender economic inclusion and sustainable development in Africa," Working Papers of The Association for Promoting Women in Research and Development in Africa (ASPROWORDA). 24/017, The Association for Promoting Women in Research and Development in Africa (ASPROWORDA).
    3. Mahmoud Arayssi & Ali Fakih & Nathir Haimoun, 2023. "Skill Mismatch, Nepotism, Job Satisfaction, and Young Females in the MENA Region," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-20, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:11:y:2023:i:11:p:280-:d:1279406. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.