A Dataset of Raw Fabric Grayscale Images for Defect Detection

This article presents RAW-FABRID (RAW FABric Image Dataset), a publicly available annotated dataset for raw fabric defect detection using computer vision techniques. It addresses a major limitation in textile inspection, where reliance on private datasets hinders objective methodological comparisons. RAW-FABRID was acquired using a custom-built inspection machine equipped with controlled LED illumination and a line-scan camera. The dataset includes grayscale fabric images collected from several manufacturers to ensure variability in textures and patterns. It comprises 709 high-resolution images (1792 × 1024 pixels), including both defect-free and defective samples. To maximize reusability, data are provided in two complementary formats: high-resolution images (cropped to remove peripheral acquisition artifacts) for global analysis, and a patch-based organization following the widely adopted MVTec Anomaly Detection benchmark structure. The latter divides images into 256 × 256 pixel patches for direct machine learning integration. Crucially, the dataset is accompanied by comprehensive metadata (CSV) and precise COCO-formatted annotations (JSON) for both subsets, ensuring full traceability and supporting object detection and semantic segmentation. The dataset is publicly available through Mendeley Data, enabling reproducible research and objective benchmarking of defect detection algorithms.