A New Measurement-Based Benchmark Data Set for Radio Spectrum Analysis Applications

Radio spectrum is a limited national resource whose efficient utilization is of strategic importance. With the rapid advancement of wireless technologies, maintaining spectrum cleanliness and enabling fast and reliable anomaly detection have become critical challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches have recently shown great promise in addressing these issues; however, their effectiveness strongly depends on the availability of high-quality, representative, and annotated datasets. Generating such datasets is a complex task, further complicated by environmental conditions such as weather. Hungary’s nationwide spectrum monitoring network enables continuous observation of frequency bands, thereby providing the opportunity to construct large-scale and sustainable datasets. This study introduces a measurement methodology designed for the FM sound broadcasting in the VHF band (87.5–108 MHz), presents the resulting dataset, and details the annotation process. The published, openly accessible dataset is expected to serve not only as a valuable reference point but also as a benchmark for the international research community, facilitating the development, validation, and objective comparison of AI-driven spectrum monitoring solutions.