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Greener Polyurethane Adhesive Derived from Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tannin-Based Polyol for Plywood

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Listed:
  • Dhimas Pramadhani

    (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
    Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia)

  • Rita Kartika Sari

    (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia)

  • Mahdi Mubarok

    (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia)

  • Apri Heri Iswanto

    (Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20355, Indonesia)

  • Antonios Papadopoulos

    (Laboratory of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Environment and Climate Resilience, Democritus University of Thrace, 66100 Drama, Greece)

  • Ioanna A. Papadopoulou

    (Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Dimitrios I. Raptis

    (Laboratory of Renewable Natural Resource Management and Bioeconomy, Department of Natural Environment and Climate Resilience, Democritus University of Thrace, 66100 Drama, Greece)

  • Tati Karliati

    (School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

  • Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis

    (Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia)

Abstract

The reaction between polyols and diisocyanates forms polyurethane (PU) adhesives. However, these materials are derived from petroleum-based chemicals, whose availability is declining. As an environmentally friendly, renewable, and formaldehyde-free alternative, tannins offer a promising solution. This study aimed to characterize tannin-based polyurethane (TPU) adhesives modified with bio-polyol, analyze their performance, and determine optimal tannin extract formulation for use as a plywood adhesive, as the first step toward developing eco-friendly TPU adhesives. TPU adhesives were made using modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and tannins at concentration levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The analysis is carried out on raw materials, adhesives, and plywood. The results showed that adding tannin extracts had a significant effect on viscosity, tannin solids content, density, delamination, and dry and wet adhesion strength, but not for moisture content. Functional group analysis (FTIR) confirmed that both liquid and solid TPU adhesives contained urethane, hydroxyl, and isocyanate functional groups. The lowest DMA loss modulus was observed in TPU with tannin 20%. Additionally, the highest adhesion strength was achieved with 20% TPU, which correlated with increased wood failure. Based on these findings, PVOH/tannin 20% was considered an effective formula for TPU adhesives.

Suggested Citation

  • Dhimas Pramadhani & Rita Kartika Sari & Mahdi Mubarok & Apri Heri Iswanto & Antonios Papadopoulos & Ioanna A. Papadopoulou & Dimitrios I. Raptis & Tati Karliati & Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, 2025. "Greener Polyurethane Adhesive Derived from Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tannin-Based Polyol for Plywood," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:7:y:2025:i:4:p:98-:d:1787283
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