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Enhanced Biogas Production and Pathogen Reduction from Pig Manure Through Anaerobic Digestion: A Sustainable Approach for Urban Waste Management in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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  • Alane Romaric N’guessan

    (Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology (STA), University Nangui ABROGOUA (UNA), Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire)

  • Youan Charles Tra Bi

    (Laboratory of Biomass-Energy, Institute for Research on New Energies (IREN), University Nangui ABROGOUA (UNA), Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire)

  • Edi Guy-Alain Serges Yapo

    (Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology (STA), University Nangui ABROGOUA (UNA), Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire)

  • Akeyt Richmond Hervé Koffi

    (Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology (STA), University Nangui ABROGOUA (UNA), Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire)

  • Franck Orlando Yebouet

    (Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology (STA), University Nangui ABROGOUA (UNA), Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire)

  • Alessio Campitelli

    (Department of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Institute IWAR, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Boko Aka

    (Laboratory of Biomass-Energy, Institute for Research on New Energies (IREN), University Nangui ABROGOUA (UNA), Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire)

  • N’Dédé Théodore Djeni

    (Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology (STA), University Nangui ABROGOUA (UNA), Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire)

Abstract

In Abidjan, the treatment of pig waste is becoming a priority given the continued growth of pig farms, which readily reuse manure as organic fertilizer. This study evaluated the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion for simultaneous biogas production and pathogen reduction from pig farm residues. Two 1600 L biodigesters were installed at pig farms in Port Bouët (PBk) and Abobo (Ab). They were fed with pig manure and water (1:4 ratio) and monitored over 56 days. The total biogas production was 22.63 m 3 and 16.31 m 3 for the PBk and Ab digesters, respectively, with peak production occurring between days 14 and 28. Following biofilter treatment, the methane content increased to 80–82%, yielding potential energy outputs of 2.32–3.29 kWh/d, with optimal production occurring at a pH of 7.28–7.76. The COD, BOD 5 , organic acid, and total nitrogen levels decreased progressively in the biodigesters, while the mineral element content remained almost unchanged. Complete elimination was achieved for most of the bacteria tested ( E. coli , Enterococcus , Salmonella , etc.). However, Bacillus and Clostridium were able to persist, albeit with significant reductions of between 3.11 and 5.79 log 10 . Anaerobic digestion is an effective method of combining waste treatment and energy recovery. It eliminates major pathogens while producing valuable biogas. This makes it a sustainable waste management solution for urban agricultural systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Alane Romaric N’guessan & Youan Charles Tra Bi & Edi Guy-Alain Serges Yapo & Akeyt Richmond Hervé Koffi & Franck Orlando Yebouet & Alessio Campitelli & Boko Aka & N’Dédé Théodore Djeni, 2025. "Enhanced Biogas Production and Pathogen Reduction from Pig Manure Through Anaerobic Digestion: A Sustainable Approach for Urban Waste Management in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:7:y:2025:i:4:p:89-:d:1768691
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fida Hussain & Shakeel Ahmed & Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi & Muhammad Awais & Yanyan Zhang & Hao Zhang & Vijaya Raghavan & Yiheng Zang & Guoqing Zhao & Jiandong Hu, 2025. "Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution: Comprehensive Analysis of Sources and Assessment Methods," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-35, February.
    2. Zinat Mahal & Helmut Yabar & Takeshi Mizunoya, 2024. "Spatial Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Eutrophication Potential from Livestock Manure in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Amon Abraham & Andrew G. Mtewa & Chimwemwe Chiutula & Richard Lizwe Steven Mvula & Alfred Maluwa & Fasil Ejigu Eregno & John Njalam’mano, 2025. "Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Manure, Soil, and Vegetables in Urban Blantyre, Malawi, from a Farm-to-Fork Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(8), pages 1-30, August.
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