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Immigration and Changes in Labor Force Demographics

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Recent shifts in immigration flows have lowered the estimates of net international migration into the United States. New data indicate that net migration will be close to half a million people in 2025, down from 2.2 million in 2024. Estimates based on these data and on past trends for the U.S.-born population suggest that this could lead to a decrease in the working-age population and slower growth in the prime-age labor force. Continued low levels of immigration would lead to decreases in the total prime-age labor force.

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  • Evgeniya A. Duzhak & Addie New-Schmidt, 2025. "Immigration and Changes in Labor Force Demographics," FRBSF Economic Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, vol. 2025(28), pages 1-6, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedfel:102130
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