Impactos econômicos da corrupção no Brasil, observação a partir dos setores-chave: Uma análise pelo uso da MIP Inter-Regional

According to 2021 data from the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) by Transparency International (TI), Brazil was identified as a highly corrupt country, scoring only 38 points on a scale of 0 to 100. The country fell below the global average of 43, the BRICS average of 39, the Latin America and Caribbean average of 41, the G20 average of 54, and the OECD average of 66 points. As a result, Brazil ranked 96th out of a total of 180 countries. Specifically analyzing key sectors in order to present the magnitude of the losses and the path that corruption took in various sectors of the production chain in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Minas Gerais, and Bahia. These states were selected due to the direct impact of corruption occurring within and stemming from them. The data for the construction of the Corruption Vector (CV) was provided by the Federal Public Ministry of Paraná (MPF/PR) for the years 2014 to 2021. Impact calculations were based on the Interstate Input-Output System of Brazil 2013, developed by Guilhoto et al. (2019). The results of the study indicate that corruption caused a loss of R$ 26.5 billion in production across the 27 federal units. However, when considering the production chains, the negative effects were felt in all states with differentiated impacts on various sectors of the economy. In detail, the results point to the key sectors affected by corruption according to the CNAE 2.0 classification for 68 sectors: in São Paulo, sectors (21), (35), and (40); in Rio de Janeiro, sectors (42) and (56); in Paraná, sectors (40) and (46); and in Minas Gerais and Bahia, sector (40). In conclusion, based on this detailed and panoramic view of the impacted sectors highlighted in the study, it becomes possible for the government and civil society to envision more effective anti-corruption policies.