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Fordist Konsensüs’ten Washington Konsensüsü’ne Birikim Ve Bölüşüm Politikaları

Author

Listed:
  • Özgür ÇETİNER

    (Bilecik University)

Abstract

Piyasanın, iktisat politikalarının merkezinde olduğu 1980 sonrası süreçte, kalkınmacı perspektiflerini büyük ölçüde yitiren devletler, toplumların gözünde ciddi bir meşruiyet kaybı yasamaktadır. Bunun yanında mevcut sermaye birikim sürecindeki ilişkileri deşifre edebilecek toplumsal bir proje ufukta gözükmemektedir. Bu düzlemde çalışmanın amacı, Fordist Konsensüs’ten Washington Konsensüsü’ne geçisle birlikte, değişen uzlaşı biçimleri çerçevesinde, gerek emek süreçlerinde, gerekse birikim rejimi ve düzenleme tarzında yasanan değişimi ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada öncelikle, II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra, 1970’lere kadar olan dönemde uygulama alanı bulan Fordist Konsensüs açıklanmakta daha sonra bunun yarattığı birikim- bölüşüm politikalarının, krize girme nedenleri incelenmektedir. Bilindiği gibi söz konusu kriz, savaş sonrası yılların kalkınma ideolojisi ve beraberinde getirdiği iktisat politikası uygulamalarının sona ermesine neden olmuştur. Öte yandan, kriz yasayan dünya ekonomisiyle birlikte, bu krize bir çözüm olarak gelişen küreselleşme sürecinde, inşa edilen yenidünya düzeninin kurumsal taşıyıcısı olan IMF ve Dünya Bankası, başat bir rol oynamıştır. Bu çerçevede söz konusu kurumların ABD finans çevreleri ile girdiği mutabakat Washington Konsensüsü olarak adlandırılmış ve konsensüs, 1970’lerde yasanan ekonomik krizin asılabilmesi amacıyla tüm dünya ülkelerinde tek taraflı bir reform süreci çerçevesinde uygulamaya koyulan neoliberal politikalara formel ve operasyonel bir nitelik kazandırmıştır. Burada dikkati çeken nokta, devletlerin kalkınmacı bir formasyon üstlendiği ve farklı toplumsal sınıflar arasında bir uzlaşıya tekabül eden -buna ihtiyaç duyan- Fordist Konsensüs ve onun temelinde gelişen iktisat politikalarının yerini, tek kutuplu bir dünyada, uluslararası kurumlarla, finans çevreleri arasında gelişen, tek taraflı bir uzlaşıya bırakmş olmasıdır. Farklı sosyal, ekonomik ve politik içerimleri olan bu değişimin, günümüz dünyasının ekonomi politikalarını şekillendirmede son derece etkili olmaya devam ettiği görülmektedir.

Suggested Citation

  • Özgür ÇETİNER, 2008. "Fordist Konsensüs’ten Washington Konsensüsü’ne Birikim Ve Bölüşüm Politikaları," Ekonomik Yaklasim, Ekonomik Yaklasim Association, vol. 19(68), pages 17-46.
  • Handle: RePEc:eyd:eyjrnl:v:19:y:2008:i:68:p:17-46
    DOI: 10.5455/ey.10669
    Note: [English Title] FROM FORDIST CONSENSUS TO WASHINGTON CONSENSUS ACCUMULATION AND SHARING POLICIES [English Abstract] In the post 1980 process where the market lied in the center of economic policies, the governments which lost much of their developmental perspectives experience a serious loss of legitimacy in the eyes of societies. Furthermore, no social project which can decode the relations in the current capital accumulation process is predicted to be actualized in the near future. The purpose of studying on this platform is to set forth, following the transition from Fordist Consensus to Washington Consensus, the transformation which has been experienced in the labor processes, the accumulation regime and the regulation style within the scope of the changing consensus types. In the study, first of all, Fordist Consensus which found an area of practice after the World War II up to the period of the 1970s is explained, and the accumulation-sharing policies which resulted from this consensus and the reasons for the crisis are examined. As it is known, the crisis in question caused the end of the developmental ideology of postwar years and the economic policy applications which were brought along with this ideology. On the other hand, as the world economy went through a crisis, IMF and the World Bank, the organizational carriers of the established new world order played a leading role in the globalization process which developed as a solution to this crisis. Within this framework, the agreement achieved by the mentioned organizations with the U.S.A finance circles were named as Washington Consensus and in order to overcome the economic crisis experienced in the 1970s, the consensus attained a formal and operational quality to the neo-liberal policies which were put into practice within the framework of a unilateral reform process in all the countries of the world. What is highlighted here is that the Fordist Consensus in which the states undertook a developmental formation and which corresponded to - needed - a reconciliation between different social classes, and the economic policies developing on the basis of this Consensus were replaced by a unilateral consensus which thrived between the international organizations and the finance circles in a unipolar world. It is seen that this change which has different social, economic and political contents continues to be extremely effective in shaping the economic policies of our present-day world. [English Keywords] Fordist Consensus, Washington Consensus, Post-Fordism
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