Online learning in enhancing educational outcomes: Bangladesh's perspectives

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of online learning platforms in improving educational outcomes for girls in Bangladesh, focusing on participants' experiences and challenges considering SDG 4 and SDG 5. Methodology: This study used a qualitative approach with a sample of 43 girls aged 20-26 from urban and rural areas across Bangladesh. Participants were selected via purposive sampling based on their experience with online learning platforms. Data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted in person or remotely. Thematic analysis was used to identify key insights by coding and grouping the interview responses into themes, focusing on the effectiveness of online learning platforms in improving educational outcomes. Findings: The findings highlight the transformative impact of online education in improving educational outcomes for girls in developing countries like Bangladesh. Online platforms address barriers such as geographic isolation, safety concerns, and cultural restrictions, allowing girls, especially in rural areas, to access education. Respondents noted the benefits of flexible learning, reduced absenteeism, and enhanced participation in STEM. OER and MOOCs provide diverse, high-quality, and affordable learning opportunities, while AI tools support academic tasks. However, ethical concerns regarding AI usage persist. And finally, online education fosters inclusive, equitable education and aligns with SDG 4 and SDG 5 goals. Implications- The implications of the research are that it will help the policymakers to address the functionality of Internet-based online education in increasing educational access to girls and avoiding gender disparity when it comes to education and skill development of the girls in the developing nations in achieving goals 4 and 5 of sustainable development. Limitations and directions for future research: Future research needs larger, longitudinal mixed-methods designs with objective learning measures and wider coverage in Bangladesh to test causal effects and scalability. Originality: This research offers unique insights into the intersection of online learning and gender equity in education with a perspective on how technology can help achieve SDG 4 and 5 in developing countries.