Study of Fluorescence Antioxidizing and Germination Properties of 1,3,5 Triazines Derivatives with Substituted Amines

The present study focuses on the fluorescence, antioxidizing, and germination properties of newly synthesized 1,3,5-triazine derivatives containing substituted amines. A series of triazine derivatives were prepared through the controlled stepwise substitution of cyanuric chloride with various amines under mild conditions. The synthesized compounds were purified and characterized using UV–Visible, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopy to confirm their structural and photophysical features. The fluorescence studies revealed that the triazine derivatives exhibit significant emission behavior in the visible region, which depends on the nature and electronic characteristics of the substituent groups attached to the triazine nucleus. The presence of electron-donating groups enhanced fluorescence intensity, suggesting potential applications in optoelectronic and sensor materials. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized derivatives was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The results indicated that most compounds displayed moderate to good antioxidant potential, comparable to that of standard ascorbic acid. Substituents containing hydroxyl or methoxy groups contributed to higher radical scavenging efficiency due to their ability to donate hydrogen atoms and stabilize free radicals. Additionally, the seed germination studies were conducted to assess the biological influence of the triazine derivatives on plant growth. The findings revealed that certain derivatives promoted germination and root–shoot elongation, whereas others exhibited mild inhibitory effects depending on their structural and electronic nature. the study demonstrates that 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with substituted amines possess promising fluorescent, antioxidant, and germination-enhancing properties, highlighting their potential applications in biological, agricultural, and material science fields.