¿Por Qué Ha Sido Mayor La Reducción De La Pobreza En China Que En India En Las Últimas Tres Décadas?

The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the reasons for the reduction of poverty in China and India in the last 30 years. The dimensions of both countries have produced an effect at worldwide scale, since in this period, the number of poor people has declined for first time in History. At the same time, China and India have experienced a high economic growth, which has been necessary for this reduction on poverty. However, neither the growth rate nor the growth elasticity of poverty reduction has been similar in both countries. There have been some factors that have affected such differences. These are the type of political regime, the sectoral structure of the economy and the process of globalization. We also include other factors such as the role of the state, by providing education and redistribution of income, as well as the social fragmentation. Our results indicate that it is not the political regime itself that assures poverty reduction, but the change of political leaders and the implementation of liberalization reforms that promotes economic development and poverty alleviation. The modernization of agriculture, rather than industry and services, generates the most important poverty alleviation process. This process has been deeper in China than in India. Finally, the globalization process did not have a significant direct effect on poverty alleviation. By contrast, it has helped the economic development, through the industry and services, which have contributed to increase the living standards of those who have left poverty in early stages.