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Ionization Energies from Classical Force Balance: Calcium-like Uranium and Below

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  • David Lloyd Selke

    (Engineer, New Model Arts, USA)

Abstract

We examine a proposed modification (Mod 1 for short) to the Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics (GUTCP) in which instead of orbitals holding two indistinguishable electrons, each electron has a distinct radius. The technique of creating a force balance equation for each electron in turn, from the inner to the outermost, is extended from Helium (and 2-electron ions such as Li+) and Lithium (and 3-electron ions such as Be+) up to Calcium and Ca-like ions. We release a public domain program to solve the force balance equations which are populated with force terms from GUTCP. We also compare our computations to NIST data in a provided spreadsheet.

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Handle: RePEc:epw:physic:v:7:y:2025:i:2:id:11369
DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2025.7.2.369
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