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Pregnancy-Induced Rhinitis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management Strategies—An Updated Narrative Review

Author

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  • Kamlesh Dubey

    (Manipal University College Malaysia, Malaysia)

  • Neena Chuni

    (Manipal University College Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy-induced rhinitis (PIR), also known as gestational rhinitis, is a transient, non-allergic, non-infectious nasal condition characterised by significant congestion. It impairs maternal quality of life and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, yet it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Methods: This narrative review synthesises classical and contemporary literature (2000–2025) on the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications, and management of PIR, incorporating recent high-quality studies and reviews. Results: Prevalence ranges from 9% to 39%, with a 2025 Saudi cohort reporting 29.8% (73% moderate-to-severe). Hormonal (estrogen, progesterone, placental growth hormone) and vascular mechanisms drive mucosal oedema and turbinate hypertrophy. Diagnosis is clinical, based on strict exclusion criteria. Complications include snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Non-pharmacological measures are first line; pharmacological options are used cautiously with reassuring safety data for selected agents. Conclusion: Greater awareness among obstetricians and ENT specialists is essential. Standardised diagnostic criteria and prospective trials are needed to optimise safe management and improve maternal–fetal outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamlesh Dubey & Neena Chuni, 2026. "Pregnancy-Induced Rhinitis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management Strategies—An Updated Narrative Review," European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, European Open Science, vol. 8(3), pages 4-8, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:epw:ejmed0:v:8:y:2026:i:3:id:70300
    DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2026.8.3.70300
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