The Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Opportunities and Challenges

Purpose: This article aims to provide insight and a better understanding of how the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) affects radiology practice and research. The article reviews existing scientific literature on the applications of AI in radiology and the opportunities and challenges they pose. Materials and Methods: This article uses available scientific literature on AI applications in radiology and its subspecialties from PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. Results: The article finds that the applications of AI in radiology have grown significantly in the past decade, spanning across virtually all radiology subspecialties or areas of activity and all modalities of imaging such as the radiographer, computer tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound and others. The AI applications in radiology present challenges related to testing and validation, professional uptake, and education and training. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence provides an opportunity for greater innovation in the field, improved accuracy, reduced burden of radiologists and better patient care among others. Conclusions: Despite the challenges it presents, artificial intelligence provides many worthwhile opportunities for the development of radiology and the next frontier in medicine.